Which factor is NOT affected by habitat fragmentation?

Soil nutrient content is a factor that is typically not directly affected by habitat fragmentation. Habitat fragmentation primarily impacts wildlife populations, biodiversity, and species migration patterns by breaking large habitats into smaller, isolated patches. This can lead to reduced genetic diversity, changes in species interactions, and challenges for wildlife to migrate or find resources such as food and shelter.

While habitat fragmentation can have indirect effects on soil by altering vegetation cover and ecosystem dynamics, the soil nutrient content itself remains largely influenced by other factors such as decomposition rates, soil composition, and local climate, rather than the fragmentation of habitat areas. Thus, soil nutrient content stands out as a factor more stable in relation to habitat fragmentation.