What term best describes the detailed mapping of surface features of the land including mountains, hills, streams, and wetlands?

The term that best describes the detailed mapping of surface features of the land, such as mountains, hills, streams, and wetlands, is topography. Topography refers to the arrangement of the natural and artificial physical features of an area. It captures variations in elevation and terrain features, providing a representation of the land's shape and characteristics. This is crucial for various applications, including land use planning, environmental studies, and resource management in forestry.

In contrast, geology pertains to the study of the earth's physical structure and substance, including the processes that shape it over time, but does not focus specifically on surface features. Cartography involves the art and science of map-making, which can include topographical maps but is a broader term that encompasses many types of maps beyond just surface features. Anthropography relates to the study of human geography and the ways in which human activity interacts with the physical environment, which again does not directly define the mapping of land features as accurately as topography does.