What is an ecological indicator species?

An ecological indicator species is one that reflects the health of an ecosystem. These species are sensitive to changes in environmental conditions, making them valuable predictors of the overall state of the ecosystem. For instance, if an indicator species shows signs of stress or decline, it often suggests that the ecosystem is experiencing negative impacts, such as pollution or habitat loss. Conversely, a thriving indicator species usually indicates a healthy and balanced ecosystem.

Indicator species tend to be specialized and can quickly respond to changes, which enables researchers and conservationists to monitor ecological health without needing to assess every species in an ecosystem. They can encompass various types, including plants, insects, and animals, that serve as benchmarks for the state of their environment.

In contrast, other options do not accurately define the concept. An abundant species may dominate an ecosystem but does not necessarily indicate health. A species that is resistant to environmental changes may thrive despite ecological issues, therefore not serving as a reliable indicator. Lastly, while species that contribute to habitat diversity play essential roles in ecosystems, they do not inherently reflect the health of that ecosystem as an indicator species would.